A common source of foot and ankle pain is osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis is a degenerative joint disease where the cartilage that cushions the ends of the joint wears away due to wear and tear. While osteoarthritis occurs gradually due the consistent use of the joint, injury can damage the cartilage directly or change how the ankle joint works leading to deterioration over time.

Post-traumatic arthritis develops in the foot as a result of an injury, such as a sprain, fracture, or dislocation, and can lead to premature deterioration of the joint. Seventy percent of arthritis in the foot and ankle is caused by a previous injury.

A physician will typically prescribe medication to reduce inflammation. Steroid injections are also administered to reduce inflammation and pain. Methods such as rest, ice, physical therapy, exercise, and bracing are also typically recommended.

Surgery becomes an option when nonoperative methods are ineffective.

How are foot and ankle conditions treated?

The foot and ankle treatment you need will depend on your specific condition. The general treatment goals include correcting any physical problems and improving symptoms. Doctors often recommend physical therapy to help accomplish these goals. Medications, corticosteroid shots, or foot and ankle surgery may be necessary for some problems.

Some common foot conditions, including bunions and heel spurs, will respond to changes in your footwear. Along with the proper fit, you may need shoes that accommodate your problem. You may also need to use inserts, pads or orthotics to improve alignment and comfort.

If your condition is due to a minor injury, it may respond to the RICE protocol and anti-inflammatory drugs. RICE stands for rest, ice, compression and elevation. For more severe injuries, you may need to use crutches and wear a splint, walking boot, or cast.